Kule mihla, iplastiki yenye yezinto esizisebenzisa kakhulu mihla le https://www.tgtextrusion.com/news/plastic-recycle-machine/lives. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuhluke kangangokuba yenye yezona zinto zivelisa eyona nkunkuma inkulu. Into eye yaba yingxaki enkulu kunye nenkxalabo kwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Siyisebenzisa kwaye sithetha ngokucinga ngokutsha kokusetyenziswa kwayo, kodwa ngaba siyayazi kakuhle? Kweli nqaku, sigubungela imiba esisiseko yeeplastiki.
Iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo zePlastiki
Ikwiibhotile, izikhongozeli, ukusonga, kunye nezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla. Iplastiki inezinto ezininzi njengoko iphinda isetyenziswe. Ngokuphinda usebenzise iiplastiki ozisebenzisa yonke imihla, unokunciphisa impembelelo yakho kokusingqongileyo kwaye uncede amashishini anciphise iindleko. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeeplastiki ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Inani elingaphakathi kophawu lokurisayikilishwa kwizikhongozeli zeplastiki, ezaziwa njengeKhowudi ye-SPI, ibonelela ngobutyebi bolwazi malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zodidi ngalunye lweplastiki. Ukuqonda ezi khowudi kuya kukunceda ukwazi ukulungisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zokurisayikilishwa. Ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza, nantsi ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwiikhowudi ezahlukeneyo:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE okanye PET)
Uxinaniso oluPhezulu lwePolyethylene (HDPE)
I-Polyvinyl Chloride (P okanye iPVC)
IPolyethylene yoXinano oluPhantsi (LDPE)
Iipolypropylene (PP)
Ipolystyrene (PS)
IiPlastiki ezahlukeneyo
Ø I-PETE okanye i-PET (i-Polyethylene Terephthalate): Isetyenziswe okokuqala kwi-1940, iiplastiki ze-PET zifumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhotile zesiselo, izitya zokutya ezibolayo kunye nokuhlamba umlomo. Iiplastiki ezicacileyo ze-PET zithathwa ngokuba zikhuselekile, kodwa zinokufunxa amavumba kunye nencasa ekutyeni nakulwelo olugcinwe kuzo. Kwakhona zinokuba yingozi xa zibekwe kubushushu, njengokuba ibhotile yamanzi ishiywe kwinqwelo-mafutha eshushu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokubangela ukuba i-Antimony iphume kwiplastiki kwaye iye kulwelo. Ngethamsanqa, ezi plastiki ziyakwazi ukuphinda zisetyenziswe, kwaye uninzi lwezityalo eziphinda zisetyenziswe ziyazamkela, ngoko ke ukuzilahla ngokufanelekileyo kulula. Iiplastiki ze-PET ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwikhaphethi, ifenitshala, kunye nefayibha kwiimpahla zasebusika.
Ø I-HDPE (i-High Density Polyethylene): Olunye uhlobo olutsha lweeplastiki, i-HDPE yaqala ukudalwa ngo-1950 nguKarl Ziegler no-Erhard Holzkamp. I-HDPE yeyona plastiki idla ngokurisayikilishwa kwaye idla ngokubonwa njengekhuselekile kuqhagamshelwano lokutya yi-FDA. Ngenxa yobume bayo bangaphakathi, i-HDPE inamandla kakhulu kune-PET, kwaye ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo. Ingasetyenziselwa izinto eziza kugcinwa okanye zisetyenziswe ngaphandle, kuba yenza kakuhle kumaqondo aphezulu kunye neqhwa. Iimveliso zeHDPE zinomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokuvuza ekutyeni okanye kulwelo. Uza kuyifumana le plastiki kwiijagi zobisi, kwiityhubhu zeyogathi, izikhongozeli zeemveliso zokucoca, iibhotile zokuhlambela umzimba kunye neemveliso ezifanayo. Izinto zokudlala zabantwana ezininzi, iibhentshi zasepakini, iimbiza zokutyala, nemibhobho nazo zenziwe ngeHDPE. I-HDPE ephinda isetyenzisiwe yenziwa iipeni, amaplanga eplastiki, ucingo lweplastiki, iitafile zepikiniki kunye neebhotile.
Ø I-V okanye i-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride): Yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1838, yenye yeeplastiki ezindala kakhulu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiVinyl, iPVC yiplastiki eqhelekileyo eqala ngokungqongqo, kodwa iba bhetyebhetye xa kongezwa iiplastiki. Ifumaneka kumakhadi etyala, isongelo lokutya, imibhobho yamanzi, iithayile, iifestile kunye nezixhobo zonyango, iPVC ayifane isetyenziswe kwakhona. Iiplastiki zePVC ziqulethe iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezidityaniswe nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izifo zamathambo kunye nesibindi kunye nemiba yophuhliso kubantwana nakwiintsana. Gcina izinto zePVC zikude nokutya neziselo. Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ziphinda zisebenzise iPVC ibe kumgangatho, ipaneli kunye neegutha ezisecaleni kwendlela ukukhankanya ezimbalwa.
Ø I-LDPE (i-Low-Density Polyethylene): I-LDPE inesakhiwo esilula kuzo zonke iiplastiki, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa. Yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zeengxowa. Iplastiki ecocekileyo kakhulu nekhuselekileyo, i-LDPE ikwafumaneka kwizinto zasekhaya ezifana neplastiki yokusonga, izikhongozeli zokutya ezikhenkcezisiweyo kunye neebhotile ezicudiswayo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokurisayikilisha ziyaqala ukwamkela iiplastiki ze-LDPE, kodwa kusenzima kakhulu ukuzirisayikilisha. I-LDPE ehlaziywayo yenziwa kwizinto ezifana neetoti zenkunkuma, iipaneli, ifenitshala, umgangatho kunye nokusongwa kwamaqamza.
Ø PP (i-Polypropylene): Ifunyenwe kwinkampani yepetroleum kwi-1951, i-PP inzima, iqinile kwaye inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Kwakhona kuthathwa njengeplastiki ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ifunyenwe kwi-tupperware, iinxalenye zemoto, iivesti ze-thermal, izitya ze-yogurt, kunye ne-diapers ezilahlayo. Ngelixa inokuphinda isetyenziswe, ilahlwa kude rhoqo. Xa iphinda isetyenzisiwe, ijikwa ibe zizinto ezinobunzima obufana neepalethi, ii-ice scrapers, iirakhi kunye neentambo zebhetri. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokurisayikilisha zamkela iPP.
Ø I-PS (i-Polystyrene): I-PS, okanye i-Styrofoam, yafunyanwa ngengozi eJamani ngo-1839. Iplastiki ebonakalayo ngokulula, i-PS ifumaneka kwiikomityi zesiselo, i-insulation, izinto zokupakisha, iibhokisi zeqanda kunye ne-dinnerware elahlayo. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyila, kwaye ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhuselekanga kuba i-Styrofoam idume kakubi ngokukhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi, ngakumbi xa ishushu, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kakubi. Njenge PP, iqhele ukulahlwa, nangona ezinye iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha zinokuyamkela. I-PS iphinda isetyenziselwe izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukugquma, izixhobo zesikolo kunye nefreyim yeepleyiti zelayisensi.
Ø Iiplastiki zeMiscellaneous: Ikhowudi ye-SPI yesi-7 isetyenziselwa zonke iiplastiki ezingeyonxalenye yezinye iindidi ezi-6. Ngaphandle kokubandakanywa kwazo kwizinto ezithandwayo ezifana nezibuko zelanga, i-computer casing, inayiloni, ii-compact discs kunye neebhotile zabantwana, ezi plastiki ziqulethe i-chemical toxic bisphenol A okanye i-BPA. Ayizongozi nje kuphela, kodwa ezi ntlobo zeplastiki zikwanzima kakhulu ukuzirisayikilisha njengoko zingaqhekeki ngokulula. Xa izityalo ziphinda zisamkele, iPlasitiki #7 iphinda isetyenziswe ibe ngamaplanga eplastiki kunye neemveliso ezikhethekileyo.
Zeziphi Iindidi zePlastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe?
Ngendlela efanayo ukuba ikhowudi yaphunyezwa ukuhlula phakathi kweeplastiki ngenxa yokungafani kwazo ekubunjweni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kwiinjongo, kukho ukungafani kwimeko yokubuyisela kwakhona izinto.
Enyanisweni, kukho uhlobo olunye, inombolo 7, engenako ukurisayikilishwa. Ukongeza, ezo zenziwe ngemathiriyeli ekunzima ukwahlula, ezinemibala emininzi okanye ezonakaliswe yimeko ye-atmospheric azifanelekanga ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona.
Kukho ulwahlulo lokulula kokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngohlobo olumisela "iileyibhile" ezine kule nkalo: "kulula", "kunokwenzeka", "kunzima" kwaye "kunzima kakhulu".
Iindidi zeplastiki ziya kusasazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kulula: PET, HDPE
Inokwenzeka: LDPE, PP
Kunzima: PS
Kunzima kakhulu: iPVC
Thenga oomatshini bokurisayikilisha bePlastiki Kuthi
Ukuba nomatshini weplastiki wokurisayikilisha kubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweeplastiki ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene kunye ne-PVC. Nceda ufikelele kumatshini osebenza kakhulu kwaye osebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-26-2022
